Tham khảo Logic bậc nhất

  1. Hodgson, Dr. J. P. E., "First Order Logic", Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, 1995.
  2. Hughes, G. E., & Cresswell, M. J., A New Introduction to Modal Logic (London: Routledge, 1996), p.161.
  3. Mendelson, Elliott (1964). Introduction to Mathematical Logic. Van Nostrand Reinhold. tr. 56
  4. Goertzel, B., Geisweiller, N., Coelho, L., Janičić, P., & Pennachin, C., Real-World Reasoning: Toward Scalable, Uncertain Spatiotemporal, Contextual and Causal Inference (Amsterdam & Paris: Atlantis Press, 2011), p. 29.
  • A Concise Introduction to Mathematical Logic, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4419-1220-6 
  • Andrews, Peter B. (2002); An Introduction to Mathematical Logic and Type Theory: To Truth Through Proof, 2nd ed., Berlin: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Available from Springer.
  • Avigad, Jeremy; Donnelly, Kevin; Gray, David; and Raff, Paul (2007); "A formally verified proof of the prime number theorem", ACM Transactions on Computational Logic, vol. 9 no. 1 doi:10.1145/1297658.1297660
  • Barwise, Jon (1977). “An Introduction to First-Order Logic”. Trong Barwise, Jon. Handbook of Mathematical Logic. Studies in Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics. Amsterdam, NL: North-Holland (xuất bản 1982). ISBN 978-0-444-86388-1
  • Barwise, Jon; and Etchemendy, John (2000); Language Proof and Logic, Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications (Distributed by the University of Chicago Press)
  • Bocheński, Józef Maria (2007); A Précis of Mathematical Logic, Dordrecht, NL: D. Reidel, translated from the French and German editions by Otto Bird
  • Ferreirós, José (2001); The Road to Modern Logic — An Interpretation, Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, Volume 7, Issue 4, 2001, pp. 441–484, doi:10.2307/2687794, JSTOR 2687794
  • Logic, Language, and Meaning, Volume 2: Intensional Logic and Logical Grammar 
  • Hilbert, David; and Ackermann, Wilhelm (1950); Principles of Mathematical Logic, Chelsea (English translation of Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik, 1928 German first edition)
  • Hodges, Wilfrid (2001); "Classical Logic I: First Order Logic", in Goble, Lou (ed.); The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic, Blackwell
  • Ebbinghaus, Heinz-Dieter; Flum, Jörg; and Thomas, Wolfgang (1994); Mathematical Logic, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Berlin, DE/New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, Second Edition, ISBN 978-0-387-94258-2
  • Tarski, Alfred and Givant, Steven (1987); A Formalization of Set Theory without Variables. Vol.41 of American Mathematical Society colloquium publications, Providence RI: American Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-0821810415